Katherine Johnson was an African American woman who made mathematical and research contributions to the early development of US space flight despite racial and gender discrimination.
Born in 1918 in White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia, she developed a curiosity for numbers and proved to have a brilliant mind at a young age; she skipped several grades. She enrolled in West Virginia State College at eighteen, going on to graduate with the highest honors in 1937 and take a teaching position at a local public school.
After getting married and attending a graduate math program, Johnson began working at the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) Langley laboratory in Hampton, Virginia,
in 1953. Soon after, she was assigned to the Maneuver Loads Branch of the Flight Research Division.
In 1957, when the Soviets launched Sputnik, it changed the course of history and Johnson’s life as well. She would go on to provide the math for the 1958 document Notes on Space Technology, a series of lectures given by engineers in the Flight Research Division and the Pilotless Aircraft Research Division. Engineers from these groups formed the Space Task Group, the NACA’s first foray into space travel.
Johnson would go on to do analysis for the first human spaceflight and coauthor a report on methods for laying out equations describing an orbital spaceflight (equations by which the landing position was specified), making her the first woman in the division to receive credit on a research report.
In 1962, as NASA prepared for John Glenn’s mission, Johnson was called upon to run the necessary numbers for the equations by hand on her desktop mechanical calculating machine.
Although these had been programmed into the computer, Glenn said to “get the girl” to check them. “If she says they’re good, then I’m ready to go,” he said. His flight was a success, marking a turning point for the US in space.
By her retirement, she had worked on the space shuttle and authored or coauthored twenty-six research reports. At the age of ninety-seven, she was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President Barack Obama. She lived to be 101, passing away peacefully on February 24, 2020. Katherine Johnson will always be remembered as a trailblazer and pioneer for women in science.
“Vulnerability sounds like truth and feels like courage.
Truth and courage aren’t always comfortable, but they’re
never weakness.”
—Brené Brown, professor, lecturer, author, and podcast
host known in particular for her research on leadership,
vulnerability, and courage
“There’s something special about a woman who dominates in
a man’s world. It takes a certain grace, strength, intelligence,
fearlessness, and the nerve to never take no for an answer.”
—Rihanna, singer, actress, and fashion designer who has sold
over 250 million records
Affirmation Station
I am leading my own life.
I can turn down an invitation.
I do not owe anyone anything.
This post is an excerpt from Positively Badass by Becca Anderson, which can be found at Amazon and Mango Media.